Mind-Body Problem: The difficulty of explaining how the mental activities of human beings relate to their living physical organisms. Historically, the most commonly accepted solutions have included mind-body dualism (
Descartes), reductive materialism (
Hobbes) or idealism (
Berkeley), and the double aspect theory (
Spinoza).
Although many contemporary philosophers accept some form of identity theory, they often rely on behavioral or functional methods of analyzing mental events and upon the achievements of neuroscience.
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Interestingly, Thomas Nagel has written a new book primarily on this topic -->
Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature is Almost Certainly False (November 2012).
http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199919758.do#.T9g_EphrrLE
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